Shock is generally classified according to its cause. There are four main pathological mechanisms that can result in a state of shock (Vincent and De Backer, 2013; Stratton, 2019):.
Venous insufficiency includes a broad spectrum of venous complaints which range from telangiectasias or ‘spider veins’ (named for their spider web appearance) and varicose veins, to chronic venous...
Under normal circumstances, an individual adopts a sitting or squatting position allowing for straightening of the anorectal angle and the relaxation of the external anal sphincter and puborectalis...
There are various types of suppositories used for constipation. Nurses must be aware of any potential harm associated with their practice and reduce this whenever possible (Nursing and Midwifery...
There is no pathological cause for primary constipation (Royal College of Nursing (RCN), 2012; Dougherty and Lister, 2015). Factors that lead to the development of primary constipation are extrinsic...
Indications for the use of enemas include to:.
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