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Clinical

The importance of oral hygiene for patients on mechanical ventilation

The aim of providing good oral care is to decrease the microflora load present in a patient's oral cavity. Poor oral health has been linked to increased levels of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP),...

Using the SBAR handover tool

Acts of communication through handovers, ward rounds, shift exchanges and team meetings are examples of when information is exchanged between nurses and between nurses and other health professionals.

Early termination of clinical trials in paediatrics

There are mixed reports on whether randomised controlled trials for children and young people are more or less likely to end prematurely (Schandelmaier et al, 2017; Dufetelle et al, 2018), which is...

The co-production of research with children and young people

Considering co-production, PPI and service user involvement in research, it can be unclear how children and young people have been involved and the impact they have had. In a review of the literature...

Orthostatic hypotension: clinical review and case study

TLOC accounts for 3% of all attendance in emergency departments in the UK (Petkar et al, 2006) and has a lifetime prevalence of 50% (NICE, 2014). Data shows vast international differences in admission...

Principles of mechanical ventilation for non-critical care nurses

There are two types of respiratory failure (O'Driscoll et al, 2017, for the British Thoracic Society):.

Extreme pacemaker reel syndrome in an elderly patient with cognitive impairment

A wheelchair-bound 82-year-old female with documented dementia presented to the emergency department (ED) following syncopal episodes. Eight months earlier a single-chamber VVI pacemaker had been...

Managing conversations with patients about death and dying

‘At death you break up: the bits that were you Start speeding away from each other for ever With no one to see.’ .

Discharge planning in end-of-life care

Recognising that a patient may be nearing the end of their life is a key consideration. Early recognition of dying is vital to allow for discussions to be started about the patient's wishes, for...

Decreased level of consciousness in a child: recognition and management

Consciousness can refer to either the state of wakefulness, awareness, or alertness in which most humans function while not asleep. Decreased consciousness is considered to be present when there is a...

Using play as a distraction technique for children undergoing medical procedures

Play therapy is a communication tool used to alleviate chronic, mild and moderate psychological and emotional conditions in children (Play Therapy UK, 2017). The focus for this article is the role...

The diagnosis and management of a patient with acute pyelonephritis

Acute pyelonephritis, known in clinical practice as an upper urinary tract infection (UTI), is defined as a tubulointerstitial disorder characterised by inflammation of the renal parenchyma caused by...

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