References

Atrott J. Methylglyoxal in Manuka honey—correlation with antibacterial properties. Czech J Food Sci.. 2009; 27:S163-S165 https://doi.org/10.17221/911-CJFS

Bucekova M, Sojka M, Valachova I Bee-derived antibacterial peptide, defensin-1, promotes wound re-epithelialisation in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep.. 2017; 7:(1) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07494-0

Cooper RA. The contribution of microbial virulence to wound infection. Br J Community Nurs.. 2002; 7:10-14 https://doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2002.7.Sup4.12615

Cooper R, Gray D. Is manuka honey a credible alternative to silver in wound care?. Wounds UK. 2012; 8:(4)54-63

Dow G, Browne A, Sibbald RG. Infection in chronic wounds: controversies in diagnosis and treatment. Ostomy Wound Manage. 1999; 45:(8)23-27

Evans J, Mahoney K. Effcacy of medical-grade honey as an autolytic debridement agent. Wounds UK.. 2013; 9:(1)30-36

Guest JF, Ayoub N, McIlwraith T Health economic burden that different wound types impose on the UK's National Health Service. Int Wound J.. 2017; 14:(2)322-330 https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.12603

Gupta SS, Singh O, Bhagel PS, Moses S, Shukla S, Mathur RK. Honey dressing versus silver sulfadiazene dressing for wound healing in burn patients: a retrospective study. J Cutan Aesthet Surg.. 2011; 4:(3)183-187 https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-2077.91249

Järbrink K, Ni G, Sönnergren H Prevalence and incidence of chronic wounds and related complications: a protocol for a systematic review. Syst Rev.. 2016; 5:(1) https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-016-0329-y

Lu H, Yuan L, Yu X, Wu C, He D, Deng J. Recent advances of on-demand dissolution of hydrogel dressings. Burns Trauma.. 2018; 6 https://doi.org/10.1186/s41038-018-0138-8

Li J, Chen J, Kirsner R. Pathophysiology of acute wound healing. Clin Dermatol.. 2007; 25:9-18 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2006.09.007

Kwakman PH, Van den Akker JP, Guclu A Medical-grade honey kills antibiotic-resistant bacteria in vitro and eradicates skin colonization. Clin Infect Dis.. 2008; 46:(11)1677-1182 https://doi.org/10.1086/587892

Kwakman PH, te Velde AA, de Boer L, Speijer D, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM, Zaat SA. How honey kills bacteria. FASB J.. 2010; 24:(7)2576-2582 https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.09-150789

Kwakman PH, Te Velde AA, de Boer L, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM, Zaat SA. Two major medicinal honeys have different mechanisms of bactericidal activity. PLoS One. 2011a; 6:(3) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0017709

Kwakman PHS, Boer L, Ruyter-Spira CP Medical-grade honey enriched with antimicrobial peptides has enhanced activity against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis.. 2011b; 30:(2)251-257 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-010-1077-x

Moghazy AM, Shams ME, Adly OA The clinical and cost effectiveness of bee honey dressing in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Diabetes Res Clin Pract.. 2010; 89:(3)276-281 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2010.05.021

Negut I, Grumezescu V, Grumezescu AM. Treatment strategies for infected wounds. Molecules. 2018; 23:(9) https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23092392

Oswell Penda Pharmaceuticals. Revamil wound dressing. https://opp-uk.com/shop/revamil/revamil-wound-dressing/ (accessed 18 March)

Simões D, Miguel SP, Ribeiro MP, Coutinho P, Mendonça AG, Correia IJ. Recent advances on antimicrobial wound dressing: a review. Eur J Pharm Biopharm.. 2018; 127:130-141 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.02.022

Wolcott RD, Cutting KF, Dowd S Types of wounds and infections. In: Percival S, Cutting K (eds). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group; 2010

Properties and use of a honey dressing and gel in wound management

28 March 2019
Volume 28 · Issue 6

Abstract

Wound management is a major clinical challenge and puts a significant financial burden on the NHS. Because of the rise in long-term conditions including diabetes, obesity and an ageing population, practitioners regularly encounter a wide variety of wound types. In recent years, there has been a resurgence of interest in the use of medical-grade honey in the management of wounds. Honey is anti-inflammatory in action and has the capability to treat local infection, promote autolytic debridement, deodorise wounds and promote granulation tissue. Revamil is a recent addition to the range of honey dressings available and is intended to manage the majority of problems that may arise during wound care episodes. The attributes of Revamil will be illustrated through four case studies.

Wound management is a major clinical challenge and places a vast financial burden on the NHS (Guest et al, 2016) because of a rapid rise in long-term conditions such as diabetes, obesity and an ageing population (Lu et al, 2018). Damage to the skin impairs its functionality; this can include breaching of the physical barrier, which can reduce protection from ingress of pathogens, and affect temperature regulation and water loss. A physical breach of the skin provokes a wound-healing cascade of precisely synchronised events in five distinct phases: haemostasis; inflammation; migration; proliferation; and remodelling (Li et al, 2007).

The duration and character of the healing process indicate whether a wound is acute or chronic (Simões et al, 2018). Under normal physiological conditions, the restoration of the epidermal structure is highly effcient. An acute wound is one that heals in an appropriate manner, going through the phases of wound repair described above. However, a chronic wound is characterised by a defective healing process that does not allow skin to be repaired in an orderly and timely manner (Järbrink et al, 2016).

Register now to continue reading

Thank you for visiting British Journal of Nursing and reading some of our peer-reviewed resources for nurses. To read more, please register today. You’ll enjoy the following great benefits:

What's included

  • Limited access to clinical or professional articles

  • Unlimited access to the latest news, blogs and video content