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Factors influencing sleep quality among Jordanian intensive care patients

12 March 2020
Professional
02 March 2020
Volume 29 · Issue 5

Abstract

Sleep disturbance is common in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Numerous factors can contribute to this. High noise and light levels, nursing interventions and medication administration are major factors. This study investigated the demographic and environmental factors that might adversely affect ICU patients' quality of sleep. Data were collected from 103 patients using a demographic data sheet, the Freedman Quality of Sleep Scale and the Richards-Campbell Sleep Scale. Patients' demographic characteristics were found to have no significant effects on their perceived quality of sleep. Environmental factors, including noise, light, nursing interventions, diagnostic testing, the administration of medication, talking and phones ringing, were significantly related to the patients' perceived quality of sleep.

Quality of sleep in the intensive care unit (ICU) can be affected by several factors. These can be categorised into demographic issues and those about the ICU environment. In the literature, patients' age and sex are commonly related to sleep disturbances in ICUs. A study conducted by Madrid-Valero et al (2017) to evaluate the incidence and quality of sleep among the adult population found a negative correlation between age and quality of sleep, particularly for women.

The most common ICU environmental factors that have a negative impact on patients' quality of sleep are high light and noise levels, nursing interventions, painful procedures, treatment side effects and the alarms on mechanical ventilators and monitors (Nicholson, et al, 2001; Weinhouse and Schwab, 2006; Erol and Enç, 2009; Boyko et al, 2012; Kamdar, et al, 2012; Wang and Greenberg, 2013; Delaney et al, 2015; Tainter et al, 2016). Others include bad smells, pain, stress and physical restraints (Delaney et al, 2015). Among all factors studied, a high noise level was the greatest cause of poor sleep in critical care units (Williams et al, 2013).

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Sleep
Sleep quality
Intensive care unit
Environmental factors
Critical care
Disturbed sleep
Hospital environment