The role of locus of control in nursing practice: enhancing patient outcomes through empowerment and spiritual care

In recent years, the integration of psychological constructs into nursing practice has gained increasing attention, as health professionals recognise the importance of addressing not only physical but also psychological and emotional wellbeing. One such construct is the locus of control, which refers to an individual's belief about the extent to which they have control over the events and outcomes in their lives (Rotter, 1966). This concept is particularly relevant to nursing practice, where understanding a patient's perception of control can help inform tailored interventions that promote empowerment, self-management, and improved health outcomes.

Locus of control can be conceptualised in two broad categories: internal and external. Individuals with an internal locus of control believe that their actions directly influence their life outcomes, while those with an external locus of control attribute their experiences to external forces, such as fate, luck, or the actions of others (Wallston et al, 1978). Research has shown that individuals with a strong internal locus of control are more likely to engage in health-promoting behaviours, adhere to medical advice, and take an active role in managing their health conditions. Conversely, those with an external locus of control may feel powerless, which can lead to poor adherence, decreased motivation, and suboptimal health outcomes (Thompson, 2017).