British Journal of Nursing - The similarities and differences between advanced nurse practitioners and clinical nurse specialists

Begley C, Elliott N, Lalor J, Coyne I, Higgins A, Comiskey CM. Differences between clinical specialist and advanced practitioner clinical practice, leadership, and research roles, responsibilities, and perceived outcomes (the SCAPE study). J Adv Nurs. 2013; 69:(6)1323-1337 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2012.06124.x

Begley C, Murphy K, Higgins A, Cooney A. Policy-makers' views on impact of specialist and advanced practitioner roles in Ireland: the SCAPE study. J Nurs Manag. 2014; 22:(4)410-422 https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12018

Carter N, Dobbins M, Ireland S, Hoxby H, Peachey G, DiCenso A. Knowledge gaps regarding APN roles: what hospital decision-makers tell us. Nurs Leadersh (Tor Ont). 2013; 26:(4)60-75 https://doi.org/10.12927/cjnl.2013.23629

Chief Nursing Officer Directorate. Transforming nursing, midwifery and health professions' (NMaHP) roles: pushing the boundaries to meet health and social care needs in Scotland. Paper 2. Advanced nursing practice. 2017a. https://tinyurl.com/y5zktt5f (accessed 30 October 2019)

Chief Nursing Officer Directorate. Transforming nursing, midwifery and health professions roles: introduction. 2017b. https://tinyurl.com/yyjkb7bg (accessed 30 October 2019)

Comiskey C, Coyne I, Lalor J, Begley C. A national cross-sectional study measuring predictors for improved service user outcomes across clinical nurse or midwife specialist, advanced nurse practitioner and control sites. J Adv Nurs. 2014; 70:(5)1128-1137 https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12273

Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety. Advanced nursing practice framework: supporting advanced nursing practice in health and social care trusts. Belfast: Northern Ireland Practice and Education Council for Nursing and Midwifery. 2016. https://tinyurl.com/y5svldup (accessed 30 October 2019)

Donald F, Bryant-Lukosius D, Martin-Misener R Clinical nurse specialists and nurse practitioners: title confusion and lack of role clarity. Nurs Leadersh (Tor Ont). 2010; 23:(2010)189-201 https://doi.org/10.12927/cjnl.2010.22276

Donald F, Martin-Misener R, Carter N A systematic review of the effectiveness of advanced practice nurses in long-term care. J Adv Nurs. 2013; 69:(10)2148-2161 https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12140

Dowling M, Beauchesne M, Farrelly F, Murphy K. Advanced practice nursing: a concept analysis. Int J Nurs Pract. 2013; 19:(2)131-140 https://doi.org/10.1111/ijn.12050

Gardner G, Chang A, Duffield C. Making nursing work: breaking through the role confusion of advanced practice nursing. J Adv Nurs. 2007; 57:(4)382-391 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04114.x

The clinical nurse specialist in theory and practice, 2nd edn. In: Hamric AB, Spross JA (eds). Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1989

Hawker S, Payne S, Kerr C, Hardey M, Powell J. Appraising the evidence: reviewing disparate data systematically. Qual Health Res. 2002; 12:(9)1284-1299 https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732302238251

Heale R, Rieck Buckley C. An international perspective of advanced practice nursing regulation. Int Nurs Rev. 2015; 62:(3)421-429 https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12193

Health Education England, NHS Improvement, NHS England. Multi-professional framework for advanced clinical practice in England. 2017. https://tinyurl.com/y33xuxt8 (accessed 30 October 2019)

Information Services Division Scotland. Data tables: workforce. 2017. https://tinyurl.com/y56zlqnz (accessed 30 October 2019)

International Council of Nurses. Definition and characteristics of the role. 2002. https://international.aanp.org/Practice/APNRoles (accessed 30 October 2019)

Jokiniemi K, Pietilä A-M, Kylmä J, Haatainen K. Advanced nursing roles: a systematic review. Nurs Health Sci. 2012; 14:(3)421-431 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2018.2012.00704.x

Leary A, Maclaine K, Trevatt P, Radford M, Punshon G. Variation in job titles within the nursing workforce. J Clin Nurs. 2017; 26:(23–24)4945-4950 https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13985

Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009; 6:(7) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097

NHS Education for Scotland. Defining advanced practice. In: Advanced nursing practice toolkit. 2012. http://www.advancedpractice.scot.nhs.uk/

NHS Wales. Framework for advanced nursing, midwifery and allied health professional practice in Wales. 2010. https://tinyurl.com/32kb2db (accessed 30 October 2019)

Roberts-Davis M, Read S. Clinical role clarification: using the Delphi method to establish similarities and differences between nurse practitioners and clinical nurse specialists. J Clin Nurs. 2001; 10:(1)33-43 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2702.2001.00437.x

Sheer B, Wong FKY. The development of advanced nursing practice globally. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2008; 40:(3)204-211 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2008.00242.x

Silver HK, Ford LC, Stearly SG. A program to increase health care for children: the pediatric nurse practitioner programme. Pediatrics. 1967; 39:(5)756-760

Skills for Health. Key elements of the career framework. Bristol, Skills for Health. 2010. https://tinyurl.com/z4dlxm7 (accessed 30 October 2019)

Stark SW. The effects of master's degree education on the role choices, role flexibility, and practice settings of clinical nurse specialists and nurse practitioners. J Nurs Educ. 2006; 45:(1)7-15

Tsiachristas A, Wallenburg I, Bond CM Costs and effects of new professional roles: Evidence from a literature review. Health Policy. 2015; 119:(9)1176-1187 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2015.04.001

Zeng X, Zhang Y, Kwong JSW The methodological quality assessment tools for preclinical and clinical studies, systematic review and meta-analysis, and clinical practice guideline: a systematic review. J Evid Based Med. 2015; 8:(1)2-10 https://doi.org/10.1111/jebm.12141