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Time perspective and associated factors in Brazilians living with HIV

09 May 2019
Special Focus
02 May 2019
Volume 28 · Issue 9

Abstract

Background:

a person's time perspective can be an important variable for the understanding of behaviours that interfere with the quality of life of people living with HIV.

Aims:

to analyse the relationships between socio-demographic, clinical, and behavioural variables and the time perspective in Brazilians living with HIV.

Methods:

a cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 281 people living with HIV in Brazil. The time perspective was evaluated using the Zimbardo Temporal Perspective Inventory (ZTPI-25).

Results:

the main findings indicate that people living with HIV are more oriented towards a future and positive past perspective, and that socio-demographic, clinical, and behavioural factors may influence the different temporal perspective constructs in people living with HIV.

Conclusion:

health professionals can use the results of the present study to support strategies that encourage individuals living with HIV to self-care and lead healthier lives.

The change in the epidemiological profile and clinical characteristics of HIV/AIDS observed in several countries is characterised by the chronification of this pathology. Patients living with HIV face many challenges to their quality of life. This area requires research into new variables and relationships between the clinical characteristics of the illness and the patients.

The time perspective, defined as the subjective and often unconscious way in which an individual perceives time, has been recognised as an important variable for understanding health and illness behaviours (Boyd and Zimbardo, 2005).

The perception of time (past, present and future) may influence the attitudes and behaviours of people living with HIV and, consequently, affect psychosocial and physiological aspects of their lives and health (Barak, 2006; Préau et al, 2007). Among other aspects, psychosociological involvement, including emotional state, mood and optimism, is directly related to the immune system and is associated with the number of cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) cells (Segerstrom, 2001).

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Time perception
HIV
Health-related behaviours
Health-related quality of life
Self-care
Brazil