References

A guide to promoting health care workforce well-being during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.Boston (MA): Institute for Healthcare Improvement; 2020a

Institute for Healthcare Improvement. How leaders can promote health care workforce well-being. 2020b. https://tinyurl.com/1lnflavj (accessed 15 February 2021)

Shanafelt T, Ripp J, Trockel M. Understanding and addressing sources of anxiety among health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA. 2020; 323:(21)2133-2134 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.5893

Signposts on the road to recovery

25 February 2021
Volume 30 · Issue 4

Abstract

Sam Foster, Chief Nurse, Oxford University Hospitals, reflects on ways in which nurse leaders can help their staff recover from the stresses of working during the COVID-19 pandemic

I asked one of our psychologists to join my team safety huddle last week to facilitate our conversation. We reflected that the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated a number of issues that were in existence before this latest wave. Coupled with the current national lockdown, this has meant that the risk of burnout has increased and achieving ‘joy in work’ has been made all the more challenging. This is because the normal ways in which nurses de-stress, with wellbeing activities such as going to the gym, the pub or socialising together, are not available to us.

As the NHS prepares to recover from the pandemic, I have found the work of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) extremely informative. The IHI (2020a) reflected on the benefits of learning from the phases of disaster, highlighting this learning as beneficial for understanding the ‘predictable’ phases that we will be progressing through in the NHS.

The IHI reflects on the phase of ‘pre-disaster’ in which there is often a warning or threat. This was the case with COVID-19, enabling us to prepare our initial response. The IHI then reflects that when ‘disaster hits’ the clinicians and other first responders are put in positions to act heroically. The next phase described is said to be typically a temporary ‘honeymoon’ period of ‘community cohesion’. We have seen this with the public's response to the NHS. The phase in which I think we are now is described as ‘disillusionment’ and, ultimately, working through ‘grief and reconstruction’ (a new beginning). These phases are described as non-linear, with evolving needs.

The IHI recognises that the COVID-19 pandemic has presented challenges for healthcare leaders above and beyond their typical responsibilities. As with the phases of disaster requiring different actions at different times, the IHI acknowledges that leaders' roles and responsibilities during the pandemic may evolve over time. It advocates that leaders should quickly assess and provide direction for clinical care, and effectively communicate with healthcare workers, among other priorities.

‘The normal ways in which nurses de-stress, with wellbeing activities such as going to the gym, the pub or socialising together, are not available to us’

As we emerge out of the most challenging stage of this wave of the pandemic, the IHI states that leaders need to engage workers in discussions to retrospectively focus on opportunities to make improvements that perhaps were not possible to implement during the crisis. In times of crisis, especially, effective healthcare leaders implement the practices described below (IHI, 2020b).

  • Meet the needs of the workforce. This includes the most basic practical needs such as food, personal protective equipment, childcare support
  • Communicate effectively and openly. Use listening sessions and safety huddles, for example
  • Be vulnerable. Good leaders acknowledge their own vulnerability. They exhibit humility, curiosity, inclusion, and empathy
  • Ask what's going well. To overcome the negativity bias, ask people what is working
  • Normalise help-seeking behaviour. Help-seeking behaviour should be seen as a sign of strength and not weakness. Worry about the workers you don't hear from more than those you do
  • Acknowledge loss and look to the future. Leaders must strike a delicate balance: openly acknowledging grief and facilitating processes that honour losses, while also offering hope and a path forward.
  • The authors of a recent article (Shanafelt et al, 2020) noted five requests from health professionals to their organisations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Leaders should endeavour to honour these requests:

  • Hear me. Listen and act on lived experience to understand and address concerns to the extent organisations and leaders are able
  • Protect me. Reduce the risk of acquiring COVID-19 and/or being a transmitter to family
  • Prepare me. Provide training and support for high-quality care in different settings
  • Support me. Acknowledge demands and human limitations in times of great patient need
  • Care for me. Provide holistic support for team members and their families if isolation is required (or other sources of distress occur).
  • The COVID-19 pandemic presents an opportunity to make fundamental and lasting change to better support healthcare workers' health and wellbeing and foster a thriving workforce.